Thanks to its geographical condition, Colombia is among the 12 countries with the greatest variety of live animal species and the first in birds and amphibians, and is also one of the richest in fauna and culture worldwide.
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Euphonia laniirostris, Camilo Dumar
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For this reason, there is the National System of Protected Areas (SNAP), which highlights the System of National Natural Parks (SPNN), which seeks to protect spaces and prevent damage to industries or people engaged in illegal trafficking of wild species; Protecting 56 natural parks, Colombia ensures that the country's natural resources are cared for and maintained in order.
In Colombia, to date (2016) we have 54,871 registered species, with 3,625 exclusive species, 66 birds, 1,500 plants, 367 endemic amphibians (unique in Colombia), 115 reptiles, 34 mammals, and 1,543 orchids, with 7,432 vertebrate species: 479 mammals, 1,889 birds, 571 reptiles, 803 amphibians, 2,000 marine fish, 1,533 freshwater fish and 197 migratory birds, we have 30,436 plant species, we have 32 terrestrial biomes and 314 types of ecosystems. (Minciencias, 2016).
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| Mionectes oleagineus, Daniela Fayad |
Along the Caribbean coast mangroves and coconut trees grow, and 51 million intermediate elevations are covered by forests, where commercially usable trees such as: mahogany, rosewood, oak, walnut, cedar, pine and some varieties of balsam are found. . Tropical plants also produce rubber (gum), chewing gum, cinchona, vanilla, sarsaparilla, ginger. (Colombia.com)
The Reserve area and its surroundings are home to a very important sum of threatened species, or species that are in danger of extinction due to deforestation of their habitats. Among them are several endemics, such as the Mico Tití (Saguinus leucopus), the birds Paujil (Crax alberti), Torito (Capito hypoleucus) and flytrap (Phylloscartes lanyoni), and the species of fish Bocachico (Prochilodus magdalenae) and Pataló (Ichthyoelephas longirostris). During the 20th century, due to indiscriminate hunting, several large mammals such as the jaguar (Panthera onca) and the tapir (Tapirus terrestris colombianus) became extinct in the region. Rio Claro- Nature Reserve, 2016
Floristic elements from southern North America, Central America, the Chocó phytogeographic region, Guayana and Amazonia converge in this region. In addition, some generic intercontinental disjunctions are presented, such as the genus Caryodaphnopsis of the Lauraceae, of which there are two endemic species in the Claro river canyon. Bud, 2013
National Natural Parks of Colombia (PNN) announced that 32% of the country's biodiversity is found in national natural parks. Of the species housed in this area, 383 are threatened.
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